Toll-like Receptor 4 and Hepatic Fibrogenesis

Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in liver injury and hepatic fibrogenesis

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing structural components unique to bacteria, fungi and viruses. TLR4 is the most studied of the TLRs, and its primary exogenous ligand is lipopolysaccharide, a component of Gram-negative bacterial walls. In the absence of exogenous microbe...

Toll Like Receptor 2 and 4 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Appropriate MS therapeutic strategies need thorough understanding of both disease etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms. Ligation of TLR-2 and TLR-4 stimulates the production of several cytokines leading to CNS autoimmunity and neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To find a relationship between M...

Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Toll-IL-1 Receptor

toll-like receptor 4 in ventilator-induced lung injuries

toll like receptors (tlrs) recognize pathogens and generate an immediate defense response by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which rapidly destroy or limit the pathogens. in their bridging role, tlr downstream signals link innate and adaptive immunity, particularly by mediating dc maturation and activation of pathogen specific t lymphocytes. these pathways lead to the act...

In silico Study of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Binding Site of FimH from Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

  Introduction : The innate immune system as the first line of defense against the pathogens recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). Interaction of bacterial PAMPs by TLRs results in activation of innate and acquired immunity. FimH adhesin, a minor component of type 1 fimbriae encoded by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a PAMP of TLR4 tha...